Friday, October 21, 2022

 Conspiracy and Religious Doctrine: A Brief Essay

Douglas B. Olds

October 21, 2022

 

Dysfunction results when ethnicity or market economics rather than the ethics of grace plays a primary role in defining and structuring deliberative democracy. Polities mixed along ethnic and racial lines are morally united into a regional people by wise policy. Ethnic and gender identification are, by contrast, too often manipulated by ideologies and systems designed to create borders around these identities for political purposes. Increasingly, these ideologies are importing categories of religious propaganda and symbols, with the effect that nationalism, racism, economic populism, and tribalism are displacing or crowding out what is authentically messaged as Gospel. 

Making a fetish of power--reducing all aspects of social relations to those of control and submission—is the cognitive incubator of conspiracy theories and the doctrines that demonize opponents as totally depraved. Whenever such a reduction takes place, atavistic values of agon take hold, polarizing groups into a tribal “us” and everyone else, the depraved and treasonous. When ideology claims a monopoly on truth and assurance, only betrayal and obscure plots can explain a temporal loss of power. By their misplaced focus and compulsions to decipher the structures and operations of sin and evil, conspiracies  come to crowd out truth and obscure the ongoing historical operations of providential grace. In what Pinker (2019, 358-359 emph. orig.) calls the Tragedy of the Belief Commons the misplaced focus of conspirators reject, misquote, and misapply “expertise, brainpower, and conscious reasoning,” instead to ingeniously and ruthlessly manipulate these for the purposes of generating in-group boundaries and demonizing opponents.  This process advances and may be recognized in

blue lies. A white lie is told for the benefit of the hearer; a blue lie is told for the benefit of an in group (originally, fellow police officers). While some of the conspiracy theorists may be genuinely misinformed, most express these beliefs for the purpose of performance rather than truth: they are trying to antagonize liberals and display solidarity with their blood brothers. The anthropologist John Tooby adds that preposterous beliefs are more effective signals of coalitional loyalty than reasonable ones.

  By its defunding of education and debasing political sovereignty and rationality to that of the consumer and market alone, neoliberal capitalism has unloosed the critical project, popularizing it, turning it against the very academies in which it was developed, operationalizing its popular religious axioms of total depravity attributed to the other, especially of elites. “Total depravity” as an epistemic doctrine has destroyed social trust. In this, populist Christianity foments conspiratorial and radically subjectivist post-modernism. Latour (2004, 228-230 emph. orig.) writes,

Now we have the benefit of what can be called instant revisionism. The smoke of the event has not yet finished settling before dozens of conspiracy theories begin revising the official account, adding even more ruins to the ruins, adding even more smoke to the smoke. What has become of critique when my neighbor in the little Bourbonnais village where I live looks down on me as someone hopelessly naïve because I believe that the United States had been attacked by terrorists? Remember the good old days when university professors could look down on unsophisticated folks because those hillbillies naïvely believed in church, motherhood, and apple pie? Things have changed a lot, at least in my village. I am now the one who naïvely believes in some facts because I am educated, while the other guys are too unsophisticated to be gullible..[Y]ou have to learn to become suspicious of everything people say because of course we all know that they live in the thralls of a complete illusio of their real motives… “Everything is suspect . . . Everyone is for sale . . . And nothing is what it seems.”

    QAnon beliefs are an example of post-modernist regress from modern norms of rationality. Adherents believe, in part, that demons control American governing and secular elites. At the same time QAnon adherents are more inclined to perceive the necessity of violence to overturn political elections and roll back the cultural influence of modernity’s elites, including their postcolonial and cosmopolitan identity, toleration of racial diversity, and openness to social progress:

A significant majority of QAnon believers (81%) agree with the statement that America is in danger of losing its culture and identity, compared to significantly smaller shares of QAnon doubters (61%) and rejecters (27%). About three in four QAnon believers (73%) agree that the American way of life needs to be protected from foreign influence, compared to 33% of rejecters.

These perceptions are associated with racial prejudice: QAnon believers are more than five times as likely as rejecters to agree with the statement that “the idea of America where most people are not white bothers me” (32% vs. 6%)…

Americans are divided on whether American culture and way of life have mostly changed for the better or for the worse since the 1950s (47% vs. 52%). While a majority of QAnon rejecters (63%) say that the American culture and way of life have mostly changed for the better, about a similar percentage of QAnon believers say it changed for the worse (67%). Around eight in ten QAnon believers (81%) agree with the statement that America is in danger of losing its culture and identity, compared to significantly smaller shares of QAnon doubters (61%) and rejecters (27%) (PRRI 2022).[1]

While ignorance has a baleful, charismatic appeal to the resentful, political discourse as a deliberative program must be truthful, diligent, fair, dignified, and reticent. It is to embody chivalry’s noblesse oblige in unostentatious acts, lack of pomp, and humble accouterment more than broadcast or ceremonial assertiveness (Prov. 12:23) and unneighborly hastiness or ruthlessness. Cultural portrayals of hastiness counterfeit quickness of mind (Prov. 19:2b, 6:18). Conspiracy is the hasty operationalization of the doctrine of "total depravity." It lacks the virtues of patience, intellectual generosity, and deliberative truth-seeking.

Note:

[1] For a brief outline of QAnon history and its mutating iterations, see Marc-André Argentino (@_MAArgentino 10/28/2022) https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1586009595469856768.html

Citations:

 Latour, Bruno. “Why Has Critique Run out of Steam? From Matters of Fact to Matters of Concern.” Critical Inquiry 30 (2), 225-248. Winter 2004. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/421123

Pinker, Steven. Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism and Progress. New York: Penguin Books, 2019.

PRRI. “The Persistence of QAnon in the Post-Trump Era: An Analysis of Who Believes the Conspiracies.” Public Religion Research Institute, February 24, 2022. https://www.prri.org/research/the-persistence-of-qanon-in-the-post-trump-era-an-analysis-of-who-believes-the-conspiracies/.


No comments:

Post a Comment